A raine gauge HOBO RG3-M was installed at the Mukhrino field station reseach polygon in the raised bog, treed bog community (ryam) in 2017, installation on the ground level (to prevent wind turbulence), measurement frequency - by event. This series is duplicated by MFS-M-00154 and MFS-M-00308 to cover variability and in case of breakdown. See also MFS-M-157 for winter (snow) precipitation at the same site measured manually.

11 cm diameter dry pitfall traps are placed in the ground and left open for a week before counting the organisms. The organisms are identifiedon site to the best recognizable unit, and they are released soon after the count.

The rocky outcrops known locally as trezze are characterized by substrates of various origins (clastic sedimentary, sedimentary sediments, organogenic) and with extensions ranging from a few to several hundred meters. The geological nature of the outcrops reveals that not all of them can be assimilated to bioconstructions, but there are also slabs deriving from the cementation of sand or rocks by methane gas. From recent investigations about 250 outcrops have been identified only in the Gulf of Trieste between Punta Sdobba and Punta Tagliamento; the most widespread range of these outcrops is on the seabed in front of the lagoons of Grado and Marano at a distance from the coastline of between 2 and 17 km, and a depth varying between 8.3 and 21.5 m. From the bibliography it emerges that the areas involved in rocky outcrops extend from the Gulf of Trieste to the coast of Ancona, along the entire northwestern and western coast of the North Adriatic. The calcareous concretions are attributable to Corallinaceous algae and secondly to Briozoa, Molluscs (Arca noae, Chama gryphoides), Anthozoans (Cladocora caespitosa), Serpulids (Serpula concharum, Serpula vermicularis, Pomatoceros triqueter, Rotula sp.plur.). The typology of the San Pietro and Bardelli trezze is of the Tabular type consisting of a fractioned set of many outcrops of the same type, however there are some major elements of larger dimensions.

Vascular plant cover estimated in the Kiskunság Restoration Experiments (1995-2019). The Kiskun Restoration Eperiments are located in abandoned arable land and clear-cut tree plantations mostly, but not entirely within LTER Fulophaza and close to the Bugac-Bocsa-Orgovany Site in the Kiskunság Sand Ridge. We have three restoration experiments with long-term monitoring of changes in plant species cover according to treatments. The locations are differentiated as stations in the database. Experiment one (Exp1) involved mowing as treatment (1995-2001) on clear-cut and chemically treated previous Robinia pseudo-acacia plantations in Fülöpháza, Izsák and Bugac (three stations). A 30 m x 40 m block was allocated for the mowing treatment at each site with twelve adjacent plots of 10 m by 10 m, with six control (unmowed) and six treatment (mowed) plots randomly selected. We also had some reference grassland plots. Monitoring took place in three permanent 2 m x 2 m units per each site (n=18/treatment) from 1995-1999, re-sampled several times until 2017. Data are accessible separately for the three sites (stations), sample ID reflects the 2 m x 2 m sampling units. Experiment two (Exp2) is located in Fülöpháza in on abandoned farmland (station). The experiment involved old-field sites. Treatment was carbon addition to induce soil N immobilization in 1998-2003. The block design was the same as above. Monitoring took place from 1998-2004, plus re-sampled less frequently till 2018. Data are accessible in one file for the station, sample ID reflects the 2 m x 2 m sampling units. Experiment three (Exp3) is also located in Fülöpháza in abandoned fields. Three stations are included that are abandoned arable fields of different age. Restorative treatments involved seeding, mowing and carbon amendment in 1 m x 1 m units (n=64) from 2003 to 2008. Monitoring took place in 2003-2008, resampled in 2019. Data are accessible separately for the three sites (stations), sample ID reflects the 1 m x 1 m sampling units with indication of treatments.

The Rutzendorf Experimental Station is an agricultural research site of the University of Natural Resources and Live Sciences Vienna (BOKU), belonging to the Landwirtschaftliche Versuchswirtschaften GmbH. It is representative for the productive soils managed as arable land in the Marchfeld area (Lower Austria). The soil is described as a silty loamy Calcaric Phaeozem (WRB), a Chernozem according to Austrian soil classification. Management on the farm is without livestock, no organic fertilizers are applied. The farm was converted to organic farming in the production year 2002/03. The 8-year crop rotation comprises luzerne (2 yrs), winter wheat*, grain maize, spring barley*, field peas*, winter wheat, winter rye. Cover crop mixtures are grown where indicated in the crop rotation with an asteric. Current research questions include to study (i) the long-term sustainability and productivity of the stockless organic arable system compared to a livestock-keeping system, (ii) the mitigation of climate change effects on the soil-plant system by reducing soil cultivation intensity, and (iii) the development of biodiversity following the conversion to organic farming and enhancement of landscape elements. Regularly meteorological data, crop yields and quality, physical, chemical and biological soil traits, weed species and diaspores, springtails, wild bees and other animal species are assessed. Studies have been conducted as research projects financed nationally and by the European Union, e.g. in two EIP projects.

The Experimental Farm Groß Enzersdorf is a research and teaching facility of BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna. It was founded in 1902 as a donation to the university by the Austrian emperor; it is a typical arable farm of 140 ha arable fields in Gross-Enzersdorf, Lower Austria. The farm is run in conventional agriculture, but 26 ha are converted to organic farming since more than 20 years. Another 35 ha acreage in Tulln, Lower Austria, plus 6 ha of experimental garden in the city of Vienna, 21. district, are additionally managed by the farm and available for experiments with arable crops, vegetables and fruit species. The experiments include two long-term field experiments that are descibed individually as related plots. These experiments are focussed on long term effects (i) of crop rotation and fertlization since 1906, and (ii) of soil tillage treatments since 1996. The whole farm beyond can be used for any kind of soil, plant or atmosphere observations in experimental settings, representing a typical Pannonian agricultural environment. It is equipped with complete sets of agricultural machinery for large scale farming operation as well as for small experimental plots. On the farm there is also a weather observation station installed by the Austrian Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG).

Sycamore Creek (SYCA) is a core aqautic site within NEON's Domain 14: Desert Southwest. Sycamore Creek is a shallow desert stream situated roughly 35 km northeast of Phoenix, Arizona in the Tonto National Forest. This core aquatic NEON site is hosted and managed by the United States Forest Service. The catchment area of the drainage basin is 505 km². The creek's headwaters begin on the eastern slopes of the Mazatzal Mountains and head south toward its confluence with the Verde River. This site has one meteorological station located in the riparian area and one meteorological station above water on a buoy. The met stations are outfitted with the a subset of the same sensors used at terrestrial sites. Measurements include wind speed and direction, air temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, shortwave radiation, and PAR. Remote sensing surveys of this site collect lidar, spectrometer and high resolution RGB camera data. Four groundwater wells throughout the site collect specific conductivity, water tempertaure, and elevation of groundwater. This site has one buoy-mounted sensor station and an inlet station and outlet station. At the buoy, the automated instrument measurements are: PAR at water surface, PAR below water surface, temperature at a specific depth in surface water, water quality (specific conductivity, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen content, pH turbidity, and fDOM), and nitrate. At the inlet and outlet stations, the measurements are: PAR below water surface, elevation of surface water, and temperature in surface water. Field ecologists collect the following types of observational data at this site: aquatic organisms (Aquatic Microbes (surface water),macroinvertebrates microalgae, plants and macroalgae, zooplankton. Biogeochemical data on plants,sediment water and particulates.As well as physical aquatic data on bathymetric maps, stage,secchi depth and depth profiles, and riparian assessment.Total data products planned for this site: 53

Lake Kerkini National Park is located on the north-west part of Serres Prefecture, in the region of Central Macedonia in Greece. Its unique wetland has been declared as National Park according to Ramsar Convention and it is one out of ten wetlands of International Importance of Greece. It is a Natura 2000 site coded GR1260010, GR1260008 and GR1260001. The man’s intervention caused the formation of this place. In 1932 the first dam was constructed in the waters of river Strymonas and gradually lake Kerkini took shape. The riparian plantations consisting of riparian forests of wild willows, the suspended water-lilies expanded in a surface of thousands hectares, the fish high diversity, the buffalos swimming in lake’s calm water and the great mountainous areas of Belles and Krousia give a unique grace to this land. The lake offers the ideal conditions for bird watching. It is one of the best places in Europe for natural watching of about 300 rare and protected bird species that live and breed here. It is no coincidence that many scientists and amateurs from around the world visit us every year for their research.

This dataset contains time series of turbulent exchange of CO2, heat and momentum measured at two heights at SMEAR I research station in Värriö, Salla, Finland during years 2012–2018. The flux measurements were done in tower above the forest and at 2.5 m height below the canopy.

Red Butte Creek (REDB) is NEON's Core Aquatics site for the Domain 15: Great Basin. The creek flows down the east-west trending Red Butte Canyon through the Wasatch Mountains and opens into the Salt Lake Valley. Red Butte Creek once served as the primary water source for the U.S. Army's Fort Douglas. Red Butte Canyon is held by the U.S. Forest Service and is designated as a Research Natural Area (RNA) which is closed to public access. As a largely pristine watershed at the urban-wilderness interface, NEON's data from Red Butte Creek will inform researchers and decision makers on changes to the health of this and other Great Basin watersheds. This site has one meteorological station located in the riparian area and one meteorological station above water on a buoy. The met stations are outfitted with the a subset of the same sensors used at terrestrial sites. Measurements include wind speed and direction, air temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, shortwave radiation, and PAR. Remote sensing surveys of this site collect lidar, spectrometer and high resolution RGB camera data. Five groundwater wells throughout the site collect specific conductivity, water tempertaure, and elevation of groundwater. This site has one buoy-mounted sensor station and an inlet station and outlet station. At the buoy, the automated instrument measurements are: PAR at water surface, PAR below water surface, temperature at a specific depth in surface water, water quality (specific conductivity, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen content, pH turbidity, and fDOM), and nitrate. At the inlet and outlet stations, the measurements are: PAR below water surface, elevation of surface water, and temperature in surface water. Field ecologists collect the following types of observational data at this site: aquatic organisms (Aquatic Microbes (surface water),macroinvertebrates microalgae, plants and macroalgae, zooplankton. Biogeochemical data on plants,sediment water and particulates.As well as physical aquatic data on bathymetric maps, stage,secchi depth and depth profiles, and riparian assessment. Total data products planned for this site: 81