Data on pollen is very valuable for many scientific questions relating to climate change, ecology and allergology. This data is analysed according to European standards by analysts at the Medical University of Vienna. At the Biologische Station Neusiedler See, a so-called pollen trap is used, which is positioned on the roof of the station and is maintained on a weekly basis. Air is sucked in and pollen particles adhere to a rotating adhesive film, allowing not only the detection of certain pollens, but also their temporal classification. This makes this method suitable for determining the pollen count and pollen forecasting.

DE-Okd is a permanent grassland site on drained organic soil located within the bog complex “Gnarrenburger Moor” in Northwest Germany, approximately 60 km north of the city of Bremen. The site has been used for fodder production over at least the last 30 years. The field is intensively managed with four to five grass cuts each year in combination with high nitrogen fertilization rates. The bog complex is located in a dairy region with about 80% of its area nowadays being used as grassland. The site is deeply drained with a horizontal drain spacing of 8 m and a drainage depth of about 0.7 m. Each drain pipe discharges into deep ditches at the edges of the field. The grass species composition consists mainly of Lolium perenne and to a lower extent of Festuca pratensis, Phleum pratense, and Poa pratensis. The soil/peat profile is classified as Ombric Drainic Fibric Histosol (Hyperorganic; IUSS Working Group WRB, 2015). Total peat depth at the site is at least 2.4 m. Peat type within the first five centimeters is amorphous peat, below 5 cm it is Sphagnum peat. In all horizons below 5 cm, the C:N ratio ranges between 48 and 76, pH values are <4, and the bulk density is <0.13 g cm-3.

The Lettosuo station (ICOS code FI-Let) is a nutrient-rich peatland forest (originally a fen-type peatland), located in southern Finland, few kilometers from highway 2. The site was drained for forestry in 1969 and partially harvested in March 2016. After drainage, the stand has developed to a mixture of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pubescent birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) in the d

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The station Mejusseaume (ICOS code FR-Mej) is located on managed agricultural land (grazed grassland with occasional maize cropping seasons), around 10 km West of the city of Rennes in Brittany, NW France. The measurement site is part of the INRAE-PEGASE dairy experimental farm (IEPL) at Méjusseaume. The field is roughly rectangle-shaped (approx 170 m * 280 m), aligned NW-SE, with a surface area of 4.72 ha, at the centre of which the EC mast is located. The upwind distance to the field edge (fetch) in the prevailing wind direction (SW) is in the range 90-110m. There is also a significant contribution by NE winds at the site (generally late winter and spring). The field is surrounded by similarly managed fields - mostly grazed grassland -, except for a small woodland patch to the North-West. Intensively-managed grazed grassland, with rotational cattle grazing phases 4-6 times per year. Grassland ploughed up every 5 years in spring, followed by one-season maize crop, sown back to grassland in autumn the same year. Surrounded by fields with similar land use (permanent grassland, or long-term grassland-maize rotation). Tree hedges on 3 out of 4 field boundaries. Organic and mineral fertilization (average 100 kg N ha-1 yr-1).

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Las Majadas de Tietar study site (ICOS code ES-LMa) is a holm oak savanna, in Spain. It is located in the province of Caceres. The long-term historical management at the site has resulted in a holm oak (Quercus Ilex) savanna with a tree density of ca. 20-25 trees per hectare, a canopy cover fraction of about 20%, with a mean tree height of 8 m and a mean DBH of 44 cm. The understory vegetation is dominated by annual herbaceous species (as Vulpia bromoides (L.) SF Grey; Vulpia geniculata (L.) Link; Trifolium subterraneum (L.), Ornithopus compressus (L.)) with high biodiversity of species. Herbaceous plants senesce typically by the end of May and re-green mid-October.