Vertical profiles of salinty are collected on a monthly basis in the Gulf of Trieste – time series station using a CTD multiparametric probe. The site is part of the LTER-North Adriatic site. Data are used to characterize the temporal dynamic of hydrological properties in the coastal Long Term Ecosystem Research station of the Gulf of Trieste, in the northernmost part of the Adriatic Sea and of the Mediterranean basin. General information can be found at: http://nettuno.ogs.trieste.it/ilter/BIO/index.html

Soil temperature of meteorological Station Rudolfshütte

Dataset contains subnival soil temperatures (°C) measured in 10 cm soil depth in three different subnival plots in Obergurgl, Austria. Data Logger: TidBit v2TempLogger onsetcomp.com Soil temperature was calculated in Mean temperature, mean daily Maximum and mean daily Minimum temperatures. Subnival locations: 1. Liebener Rippe, 2830 m a.s.l., pioneer stage, sparse vegetation 2. Liebener Rippe, 2790 m a.s.l., Elynetum, alpine grassland 3. Glacier foreland, moraine 2009, 2490 m a.s.l., sparse vegetation

Temperature and precipitation data from 1956-2017

This dataset presents daily / hourly raw data on atmospheric pollen count and identification in Sierra Nevada (Granada, Spain) during the period June-September of the years 2016-2022 (with the exception of 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic). The sampling was carried out using a Hirst-type suction volumetric collector (model Lanzoni 2000, Lanzoni srl, Bologna, Italy), located in the University Hostel, Hoya de la Mora (37º, 05'N, 3º 23'W, 2500 m a.s.l.), in Sierra Nevada Natural and National Park, southeastern of the Iberian Peninsula. The sampler works permanently, 24h / day, sucking in a constant volume of air of 10 l / min., and depositing all the particular material they contain on a filter impregnating with diluted silicone. The subsequent optical microscopy analysis of the samples, following the standardized protocol of the Spanish Aerobiology Network (Galán et al., 2007), enables the quali-quantitative identification of the different pollen types at the taxonomic level of family, genus and in some cases, even species. The resulting dataset contains records of the pollen types from the most representative wind-pollinated plants of the natural vegetation of the surroundings: juniper groves, pine groves, oak groves and psychroxerophilic pasture. Data on pollen transported from other nearby or remote locations of a radius of up to 30 km around the sampler are also included, the latter in the frequent episodes of Saharan dust intrusion in the southeast of the peninsula. In order to offer greater practicality to potential users, the data set is provided in both a wide and long format. In both formats 0 values indicate not pollen count for a taxon that was being sampled that year (identified at least once time). Regarding null values, in the long format indicate technical errors, while in the wide format indicate also that no information is available for a taxon over a whole sampling year. Date/time data correspond to CET and CEST time zone. This data set provides valuable information on atmospheric pollen in a recognized plant biodiversity hotspot within the Mediterranean context, which is essential for assessing the status of endemic species highly dependent on stable environmental conditions, and their response to the impact of climate change. In this context, data can help to establish conservation and recovery plans for the species whose survival is most threatened.

Air temperature (60 cm above ground) and precipitation (100 cm above ground) from 2013-2018

Air temperature (60 cm above ground) and precipitation (100 cm above ground) from 2013-2018

Data shows time periods when the lake was covered with ice

Toxic cyanobacterial blooms constitute a common problem at the global scale. The aim of the project, was to assess fish biomass and their spatial-temporal distribution patterns in the Sulejów Reservoir in relation to cyanobacterial blooms. Additionally the spatial and temporal dynamics of physical variables, inorganic nutrients, zooplankton and phytoplankton chlorophyll a were collected to help understanding which factors are controlling the development of the bloom and determine fish behavior. Fish were sampled by gillnetting during each survey to determine species composition and their size structure. For dominating fish species accumulation of hepatotoxins-microcystins in different parts of fish body were be measured using HPLC methodology. To obtain maps of fish distribution acoustic surveys were performed using Simrad split beam echosounder EY60, 200 kHz. The main aim of the project has been fully reached and confirmed our hypothesis that fish can escape from cyanobacterial bloom. The echograms of the “bloom border” have shown that fish crowded in a clean water just at the border, while very few fish were found within the bloom. Fish and cyanobacterial biomass were showing opposite trends with less fish encountered as intensity of bloom was increasing. Mean fish density for the investigated area was nearly three times lower in 2013 and 2015 (230 and 188 fish ha-1accordingly), when cyanobacterial blooms were present, than in 2014 (623 fish ha-1) when the bloom was absent. Molecular analyses confirmed that in years 2013-2015 in the Sulejów Reservoir intracellular contained toxins were present, but no toxins were detected in water. Also no microcistins were discovered in the tissue of dominating fish species, roach and bream. This means that either fish were able effectively avoid the intoxication by cyanobacterial bloom, or toxin concentrations were too low to be detected with the methods applied (HPLC with diode array detection).

Discrete water samples for nitrate (N-NO) analysis were collected at 0.5, 5, 10 and 15 meters in the Gulf of Trieste – time series station (station C1). The site is part of the LTER-North Adriatic site. Nitrite is measured colorimetrically after sample pre-filtration, using a segmented flow analyzer. Data are used to study biogeochemical nutrient cycles in the coastal Long Term Ecosystem Research station of the Gulf of Trieste, in the northernmost part of the Adriatic Sea and of the Mediterranean basin. Availability and partition of nitrogen in dissolved and particulate pools result from the concurrence of different forcing factors such as the general circulation, alternation between summer stratification and winter mixing, weather conditions, river discharge, diffuse and point-source continental inputs, sediment–water interactions and several biological processes. General information can be found at: http://nettuno.ogs.trieste.it/ilter/BIO/index.html"