The dataset contains idnividual data of yearly acorn production of Holm oak (Quercus ilex) trees in 17 plots in Collserola from 1998 to 2012

This georeferenced dataset describes a 25-year (1986-2010) monitoring studies of phytoplankton abundance and biomass in Lake Candia.

Bird census survey (abundance and diversity)

The dataset contains records of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) and other nocturnal birds of prey (Aves) collected in the lower valley of River Sabor (NE Portugal), in the scope of the long-term Ecological Monitoring Program (PME) of the Baixo Sabor Hydroelectric Dams (AHBS), promoted by EDP – Energias de Portugal, S.A. A total of 32 acoustic sampling points was established along the lower Sabor river valley and in its main tributaries, which were visited each year in the peak of the species' breeding season (February) from 2010 to 2014. Data contains a total of 19 observation events of Bubo bubo (17) and Strix aluco (4).

Abundance of vascular plant species and macro lichens.

The monitoring of the small-mammals in Doñana was initiated in 2011 as part of the Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes. The aim was to obtain a temporal and continuous series of data in the abundance and distribution of small mammals species to analyze the evolution of their numbers. The study is divided in two periods (2011-2016 and 2017-2021) with different sampling effort and different treatments applied in the study plots, since the study belong two different projects (ICTS-RBD 2011-2021, LIFE-ADAPTAMED 2017-2021).

The dataset contains records of Fishes (Pisces) collected in the lower valley of River Sabor (NE Portugal) in the scope of the long-term Ecological Monitoring Program (PME) of the Baixo Sabor Hydroelectric Dams (AHBS), promoted by EDP – Energias de Portugal, S.A, to evaluate the impacts of dam construction in the fish communities and water quality of the river. This dataset refers to the year of 2012, during the construction process. Fishes were captured in 16 sampling stations by electrofishing (with restitution) in speing and autumn of 2012. A total of 2214 records of 11 species and one genus were obtained.

The dataset contains records of Phytobenthos collected in the lower valley of River Sabor (NE Portugal) in the scope of the long-term Ecological Monitoring Program (PME) of the Baixo Sabor Hydroelectric Dams (AHBS), promoted by EDP – Energias de Portugal, S.A. Data were collected in May 2012, during field visits to 23 sampling stations located along the lower Sabor valley up to 70 km upstream of the mouth, and in the Vilariça stream. A total of 9552 individuals belonging to 78 species and other taxonomic categories were found and identified.

The long-term monitoring of carnivore tracks in Doñana is part of a harmonised protocol for the Long-term Ecological Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes targeting mammals' populations. The general aim of this protocol is to study the temporal evolution of the relative density of the main species of carnivores in the main habitats of the Doñana National Park. Tracks surveys were done annually after the first rains of the hydrological year, i.e. the first autumn rains, usually in October. Due to climate change, in recent years the rainy season has been delayed until the beginning of the year. This protocol has stablished in 2007 and it has done annually until the present (2022), except in 2021 when due to logistical problems no census was made. Censuses are carried out through 12 prefixed transects, with sand substrate, in Doñana National Park. Each transect consists of a 2 km of length and 1.5 m of width that is done by a car at a constant speed between 10 and 15 km/h. Transects are cleaned the day before of the census with a metal beam to facilitate the read of the tracks and to ensure that the foot prints were from the previous day. Each transect is repeated in three consecutive days, and during the transect the sand is cleaned for the next day. In the census an expert in mammals’ tracks identifies all the tracks, i.e. groups of carnivore foot prints, and he/she records them in Cybertracker. That way, tracks' information like coordinates, hour, species identification and observation was recorded; and also the information of each transect was recorded: surveyors, drivers, date, start and end (hour and coordinates). This method enables to calculate Kilometric Abundance Indexes (KAI) for each species and transect. In order to clarify all carnivore datasets, the data was separated by species, this allows concrete analysis by species. In this dataset Felis genus´ data is presented.

The long-term monitoring of carnivore tracks in Doñana is part of a harmonised protocol for the Long-term Ecological Monitoring Program of Natural Resources and Processes targeting mammals' populations. The general aim of this protocol is to study the temporal evolution of the relative density of the main species of carnivores in the main habitats of the Doñana National Park. Tracks surveys were done annually after the first rains of the hydrological year, i.e. the first autumn rains, usually in October. Due to climate change, in recent years the rainy season has been delayed until the beginning of the year. This protocol has stablished in 2007 and it has done annually until the present (2022), except in 2021 when due to logistical problems no census was made. Censuses are carried out through 12 prefixed transects, with sand substrate, in Doñana National Park. Each transect consists of a 2 km of length and 1.5 m of width that is done by a car at a constant speed between 10 and 15 km/h. Transects are cleaned the day before of the census with a metal beam to facilitate the read of the tracks and to ensure that the foot prints were from the previous day. Each transect is repeated in three consecutive days, and during the transect the sand is cleaned for the next day. In the census an expert in mammals’ tracks identifies all the tracks, i.e. groups of carnivore foot prints, and he/she records them in Cybertracker. That way, tracks' information like coordinates, hour, species identification and observation was recorded; and also the information of each transect was recorded: surveyors, drivers, date, start and end (hour and coordinates). This method enables to calculate Kilometric Abundance Indexes (KAI) for each species and transect. In order to clarify all carnivore datasets, the data was separated by species, this allows concrete analysis by species. In this dataset Egyptian mongoose ´s (Herpestes ichneumon) data is presented.