This is a Sphagnum dominated peatland located in the Pyrennées mountain.

Hydrometeorological and biogeochemical observations within 5 embedded catchments (from 0.2 to 14.5 km2). Alpine Mediterranean climate with heavy rainfall and flash floods in automn. The geology is mainly granite. The land use is mainly grassland and forest. More information at http://www.ohmcv.fr

Plynlimon is at the headwaters of the Rivers Severn and Wye. The infrastructure at Plynlimon consists of 10 instrumented research catchments representing different land use options on the same geological parent material. It is the UK’s Critical Zone Observatory, part of the EU and global network of CZOs and is an ExpeER site. The infrastructure records high temporal resolution river flow and meteorological data (40 year data record) and stream water and precipitation chemistry for cations, anions, trace metals, nutrients, pH and alkalinity (30 year data record) and some data for suspended sediment. The site has an extensive spatial data library including topography, digital terrain model (DTM), soils, geology and vegetation/land-use available, open access, through the Environmental Information Data Centre (https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/documents/91961a0f-3158-4d00-984d-91eb1e03e8bd). Sub sites in the catchments represent a range of upland management types: mature/clear cut/replanted conifer forest; acid grassland; eroding peatland; improved grassland.Samples analysed for a wide range of major, minor and trace components. Bulk precipitation and cloudwater chemistry is also measured at one location.

Skogaryd is designed and state of the art equipped for interdisciplinary landscape and atmospheric studies that encompasses the complete catchment from a pristine bog via streams, riparian zones and forests to lakes, as well as the subsequent exchange between the atmosphere and surface waters The station also elucidating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from drained organic forest soils and are used for testing ecosystem models. The terrestrial sites at Skogaryd measure GHG emissions with eddy covariance (EC), CO2, H2O and N2O/CH4 (site dependent) and abiotic/biotic variables. They also have automatic stream station (flow, DIC/DOC etc.) and will be equipped with cameras/spectrometers for phenological studies and satellite ground truth validation. The forest sites are equipped for below ground studies; suction/gas probes, fine root production, Mycorrhiza, sap flow, above litter fall, tree production etc. At the lake CO2, H2O and CH4 are measured with EC. Abiotic and weather data are monitored. The sites have electric power, internet connection, boardwalks, bridges or boats. They have capacity for chamber/profile studies and process studies.

Soil data of LTER Zöbelboden, Austria. Soil inventory is carried out since 1992 on regular positions (approx 65) in the catchment measuring soil chemistry. Soil water chemistry is measured in forest plots (2-3) using lysimeter sampling and analyses on a bi-weekly to monthly basis. Soil hydraulic characterizations exist for the major soil types in the catchment. Soil CO2 and N2O respiration data is available for some years

Waroneu is a 83 ha forested catchment located in the east of Belgium (« Hertogenwald »: Duke's forest) within the municipality of Baelen. In 2011, it was covered with 38% conifers (mainly Picea abies), 45% deciduous trees (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Betula pendula), and 17% open space. Biogeochemistry (nutrient and organic carbon in throughfall, rainfall, soil solution and outlet) has been studied since 1991. The catchment was limed in 1992 with 3T/ha dolomite and 200 kg/ha potassium sulfate. Since 2013, biogeochemistry and soil microbial parameters (microbial biomass, N mineralization, basal respiration) are studied in 6 intensive plots, reflecting major combinations of vegetation and upper soil caracteristics within the catchment.

Yr Wyddfa/Snowdon is an upland ECN site incorporating the summit of Yr Wyddfa or Snowdon, the highest mountain in England and Wales, 19km south-east of Bangor in North Wales. It is co-located with the Nant Teyrn freshwater site. The altitude ranges from 298-1085m and includes three additional summits over 800m. The bedrock is a mixture of Ordovician acidic and basic volcanic rocks, with localised igneous intrusions. Evidence of glaciation is widespread, with prominent corrie moraines. There are 5 lakes within the site, three of which form a 'staircase'. The soils are varied and include brown podzolic soil, gleys, organic peat soils and humic rankers. The dominant vegetation is acidic grassland with Festuca ovina (sheep's fescue) and Agrostis sp (bent grass) in the drier areas and Nardus stricta (mat grass) in the wetter areas. The site is part of the Yr Wyddfa/Snowdon National Nature Reserve, managed by the Natural Resources Wales under agreement with the owner. The land is unenclosed and grazed by sheep and a small herd of feral goats.

UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) site. The Cairngorms site is located high in the Cairngorms, near Aviemore in Speyside, Scotland. The site lies on the North-Western flank of the Cairngorms encompassing the catchment of the Allt a' Mharcaidh (a site in the ECN freshwater network). It is part of the Invereshie and Inshriach National Nature Reserve, within the Cairngorms National Park, and covers some 10 km2. This is the first ECN site in the UK's sub-arctic zone and is an important link not only to other upland ECN sites but to alpine site in Europe and globally through the GLORIA network, and also to networks across the Arctic (SCANNET and INTERACT). The Cairngorms site has been used intensively for research since the 1970s. An Automatic Weather Station (AWS) has been operating at the site since 1984 and was used in the Surface Water Acidification Programme from 1984 to 1994. CEH and MI have used the site for long-term hydrological and snow studies for about 15 years. From 1997-1999 it was one of the ECOMONT (land use change in mountain areas of Europe) sites. Researchers at several universities and institutes use the site for vegetation, soils and nutrient cycling studies. The site forms part of the larger Feshie catchment in the NICHE programme (National Infrastructure for Catchment Hydrology Experiments). This site is nested within the Cairngorms National Park LTSER site (https://deims.org/1b94503d-285c-4028-a3db-bc78e31dea07).

This is a peatland located in Sologne, 80 km south of Orléans. La Guette peatland is one of the four sites of the SNO Tourbières (CNRS). All the sites of the SNO Tourbières are part of OZCAR (French Observatory on the critical zone). The site was hydrologicaly disturbed. Restoration works took place in 2014. A labeling procedure has began to become associated site of ICOS.

The site is located in the south-central part of Romania, in the Bucegi and Piatra-Craiului Mts of the Southern Carpathians. Bucegi - Piatra Craiului are located in the Romanian southern Carpathians (Bucegi NP (32.500 ha) and Piatra-Craiului NP (13.800 ha). In 2003, these areas were nominated as two ILTER Sites and in 2008 as LTER - Europe sites (Bucegi - Piatra Craiului). The diversity and vast richness of Bucegi - Piatra Craiului vegetation, with many endemic species and rich fauna which includes endangered species and unique plant communities like chamois, bear, lynx and wolf were the main reasons for the natural and national park designated status of Bucegi - Piatra Craiului.