Hydrometeorological and biogeochemical observations within 5 embedded catchments (from 0.2 to 14.5 km2). Alpine Mediterranean climate with heavy rainfall and flash floods in automn. The geology is mainly granite. The land use is mainly grassland and forest. More information at http://www.ohmcv.fr

This is a Sphagnum dominated peatland located in the Pyrennées mountain.

Plynlimon is at the headwaters of the Rivers Severn and Wye. The infrastructure at Plynlimon consists of 10 instrumented research catchments representing different land use options on the same geological parent material. It is the UK’s Critical Zone Observatory, part of the EU and global network of CZOs and is an ExpeER site. The infrastructure records high temporal resolution river flow and meteorological data (40 year data record) and stream water and precipitation chemistry for cations, anions, trace metals, nutrients, pH and alkalinity (30 year data record) and some data for suspended sediment. The site has an extensive spatial data library including topography, digital terrain model (DTM), soils, geology and vegetation/land-use available, open access, through the Environmental Information Data Centre (https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/documents/91961a0f-3158-4d00-984d-91eb1e03e8bd). Sub sites in the catchments represent a range of upland management types: mature/clear cut/replanted conifer forest; acid grassland; eroding peatland; improved grassland.Samples analysed for a wide range of major, minor and trace components. Bulk precipitation and cloudwater chemistry is also measured at one location.

Soil data of LTER Zöbelboden, Austria. Soil inventory is carried out since 1992 on regular positions (approx 65) in the catchment measuring soil chemistry. Soil water chemistry is measured in forest plots (2-3) using lysimeter sampling and analyses on a bi-weekly to monthly basis. Soil hydraulic characterizations exist for the major soil types in the catchment. Soil CO2 and N2O respiration data is available for some years

Skogaryd is designed and state of the art equipped for interdisciplinary landscape and atmospheric studies that encompasses the complete catchment from a pristine bog via streams, riparian zones and forests to lakes, as well as the subsequent exchange between the atmosphere and surface waters The station also elucidating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from drained organic forest soils and are used for testing ecosystem models. The terrestrial sites at Skogaryd measure GHG emissions with eddy covariance (EC), CO2, H2O and N2O/CH4 (site dependent) and abiotic/biotic variables. They also have automatic stream station (flow, DIC/DOC etc.) and will be equipped with cameras/spectrometers for phenological studies and satellite ground truth validation. The forest sites are equipped for below ground studies; suction/gas probes, fine root production, Mycorrhiza, sap flow, above litter fall, tree production etc. At the lake CO2, H2O and CH4 are measured with EC. Abiotic and weather data are monitored. The sites have electric power, internet connection, boardwalks, bridges or boats. They have capacity for chamber/profile studies and process studies.

Waroneu is a 83 ha forested catchment located in the east of Belgium (« Hertogenwald »: Duke's forest) within the municipality of Baelen. In 2011, it was covered with 38% conifers (mainly Picea abies), 45% deciduous trees (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Betula pendula), and 17% open space. Biogeochemistry (nutrient and organic carbon in throughfall, rainfall, soil solution and outlet) has been studied since 1991. The catchment was limed in 1992 with 3T/ha dolomite and 200 kg/ha potassium sulfate. Since 2013, biogeochemistry and soil microbial parameters (microbial biomass, N mineralization, basal respiration) are studied in 6 intensive plots, reflecting major combinations of vegetation and upper soil caracteristics within the catchment.

The ERO AgrHyS aims at studying the response time of hydro-chemical fluxes to the evolution of AgroHydroSystems. An AgroHydroSystem is considered as a catchment that is influence by agricultural activity. The ERO AgrHyS is conducted by the laboratory INRA-Agrocampus Sol, Agro-hydroSystems of Rennes. Two other labs, Geosciences Rennes and COSTEL Rennes, are associated to the ERO AgrHyS. It is part of the observation set-ups of the Observatory of the Sciences of the Universe of Rennes OSUR.

The lake Gårdsjön catchment is 2.1 km2 and includes 5 lakes and a number of headwater streams. It is located 50 km north of Göteborg. The whole area has been intensively studied for the last 30 years by scientists from IVL and from other institutes from Sweden and from abroad. Since 1979 several both national and international projects have been carried out. Smaller sub-catchments were used for experiments ranging from clear cutting, liming, fertilisation, sulphur addition and a combination of these treatments. In 1989 two large manipulation experiments were initiated. In the “Roof” experiment catchment G1 was covered by a transparent plastic roof and for 10 years the polluted precipitation was substituted with clean artificial precipitation sprinkled under the roof in a de-acidification experiment. The adjacent catchment G2 has been fertilised with NH4NO3 since 1991 to study several aspects (soil, water, vegetation) transition from N limited to N saturated conditions. Research at Gårdsjön resulted in three books and a large number of publications, covering different environmental problems, a range of pollutants, aquatic and terrestrial parts of the catchment, soils, vegetation and organisms. The site has served as an educational centre with countless visitors both from Sweden and abroad.

UK ECN site. A lowland grassland site situated at the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Co. Down, Northern Ireland and representative of grassland in much of the north-western United Kingdom. There are several long-term field experiments ongoing on the site. A large part of the site is estate woodland (Hillsborough Forest) consisting of mature mixed woodland and conifer plantation. Many of the vegetation plots are located within this forested area, as are sections of the butterfly, carabid beetle, spider and bird transects. The Hillsborough premises had formerly been the home of Marquis of Downshire and then during the 1st world war had been used for cropping by local farmers. When the war ended agric commodities prices collapsed and large portions of the farm became derelict with rough grazing let out by public auction on a conacre basis from 1922-1926. The research station at Hillsborough was originally established in 1926 and incorporated by the Agricultural Research Station Act N.I. 1927. By 1931 263 acres was actively farmed.In 2006 the Agricultural Research Institute was amalgamated to form what is now called AGRI Food and Biosciences Institute.

Moor House - Upper Teesdale is an upland site in the north of England that is dominated by moorland and grassland vegetation. UK ECN site. Moor House-Upper Teesdale, in the North Pennine uplands, is England's highest and largest terrestrial National Nature Reserve (NNR), a UNESCO Global Geopark and a European Special Protection Area. Habitats include exposed summits, blanket peatlands, upland grasslands, pastures, hay meadows and deciduous woodland. The site is grazed by sheep and comprises of two areas. The Moor House area extends from the upper edge of the Eden Valley, over the Great Dun Fell (848 m), Little Dun Fell and Knock Fell to the River Tees. The geology comprises alternating strata of limestone, sandstone and shale into which the dolerite of the Great Whin Sill intrudes. The gently sloping eastern side of the area is overlain by poorly-drained glacial till, which has led to the development of blanket bog with peat 1-3 m deep. The vegetation is dominated by Eriophorum, Calluna vulgaris and Sphagnum moss. The soils and vegetation on the western side are more variable. The Upper Teesdale area protects unique communities of arctic-alpine plants and other flora and fauna. From Cow Green Reservoir it extends southwards to the summit of Mickle Fell (788 m) and eastward, down the Tees, to High Force waterfall. The geology, soils and vegetation of much of the area are similar to Moor House, but 'sugar limestone' soils, along with damp river-side soils, support many of the rarer plant species.