Toxic cyanobacterial blooms constitute a common problem at the global scale. The aim of the project, was to assess fish biomass and their spatial-temporal distribution patterns in the Sulejów Reservoir in relation to cyanobacterial blooms. Additionally the spatial and temporal dynamics of physical variables, inorganic nutrients, zooplankton and phytoplankton chlorophyll a were collected to help understanding which factors are controlling the development of the bloom and determine fish behavior. Fish were sampled by gillnetting during each survey to determine species composition and their size structure. For dominating fish species accumulation of hepatotoxins-microcystins in different parts of fish body were be measured using HPLC methodology. To obtain maps of fish distribution acoustic surveys were performed using Simrad split beam echosounder EY60, 200 kHz. The main aim of the project has been fully reached and confirmed our hypothesis that fish can escape from cyanobacterial bloom. The echograms of the “bloom border” have shown that fish crowded in a clean water just at the border, while very few fish were found within the bloom. Fish and cyanobacterial biomass were showing opposite trends with less fish encountered as intensity of bloom was increasing. Mean fish density for the investigated area was nearly three times lower in 2013 and 2015 (230 and 188 fish ha-1accordingly), when cyanobacterial blooms were present, than in 2014 (623 fish ha-1) when the bloom was absent. Molecular analyses confirmed that in years 2013-2015 in the Sulejów Reservoir intracellular contained toxins were present, but no toxins were detected in water. Also no microcistins were discovered in the tissue of dominating fish species, roach and bream. This means that either fish were able effectively avoid the intoxication by cyanobacterial bloom, or toxin concentrations were too low to be detected with the methods applied (HPLC with diode array detection).

Station codes of the LTER Station Zöbelboden (incl. station types, coordinates, altitude, link to observation location)

Toxic cyanobacterial blooms constitute a common problem at the global scale. The aim of the project, was to assess fish biomass and their spatial-temporal distribution patterns in the Sulejów Reservoir in relation to cyanobacterial blooms. Additionally the spatial and temporal dynamics of physical variables, inorganic nutrients, zooplankton and phytoplankton chlorophyll a were collected to help understanding which factors are controlling the development of the bloom and determine fish behavior.

Meteorology data provided for the H2020 eLTER project with a range from 1972 - 2018. These time series are inhomogeneous because of station relocations and changes in observation techniques. As a result, these series are not suitable for trend analysis. For climate change studies we refer to the homogenized series of monthly temperatures of De Bilt <http://www.knmi.nl/kennis-en-datacentrum/achtergrond/gehomogeniseerde-reeks-maandtemperaturen-de-bilt> or the Central Netherlands Temperature <http://www.knmi.nl/kennis-en-datacentrum/achtergrond/centraal-nederland-temperatuur-cnt>.

Vegetation plots provided for the H2020 eLTER project collected between 1950 and 2017, though most from the period between 1990 and 2017. In total 42,227 vegetation plots were extracted from the European Vegetation Archive http://euroveg.org/eva-database (EVA). Permission was granted by WENR, B-Ware, KWR, LMF, Marcel Horsthuis, Natuurmonumenten, Groningen Province, Rijkswaterstaat (CIV, Delft) and Staatsbosbeheer. Most vegetation plots were collected in dunes and on saltmarshes.

Water temperature data from selected UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) freshwater sites (lakes, rivers, streams). These data are collected at ECN's freshwater sites in accordance with the ECN Surface Water Chemistry & Quality protocol: http://www.ecn.ac.uk/measurements/freshwater/fwc-fwa. Surface water temperatures are recorded by hand-held thermometers at the freshwater chemistry sampling point when water samples are collected. The temporal range varies from site-to-site (earliest record from 1975, latest from 2012). ECN (www.ecn.ac.uk) is the UK's long-term environmental monitoring programme. It is a multi-agency programme sponsored by a consortium of fourteen government departments and agencies. These organisations contribute to the programme through funding either site monitoring and/or network co-ordination activities. They are: Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru - Natural Resources Wales, Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Environment Agency, Forestry Commission, Llywodraeth Cymru - Welsh Government, Natural England, Natural Environment Research Council, Northern Ireland Environment Agency, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Scottish Government and Scottish Natural Heritage. The organisations providing the data included in the file are: Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Agency, James Hutton Institute, ENSIS Ltd (University College London) and Scottish Environment Protection Agency.

Water temperature data from selected UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) freshwater sites (lakes, rivers, streams). These data are collected at ECN's freshwater sites in accordance with the ECN Surface Water Chemistry & Quality protocol: http://www.ecn.ac.uk/measurements/freshwater/fwc-fwa. Surface water temperatures are recorded by hand-held thermometers at the freshwater chemistry sampling point when water samples are collected. The temporal range varies from site-to-site (earliest record from 1975, latest from 2012). ECN (www.ecn.ac.uk) is the UK's long-term environmental monitoring programme. It is a multi-agency programme sponsored by a consortium of fourteen government departments and agencies. These organisations contribute to the programme through funding either site monitoring and/or network co-ordination activities. They are: Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru - Natural Resources Wales, Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Environment Agency, Forestry Commission, Llywodraeth Cymru - Welsh Government, Natural England, Natural Environment Research Council, Northern Ireland Environment Agency, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Scottish Government and Scottish Natural Heritage. The organisations providing the data included in the file are: Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Agency, James Hutton Institute, ENSIS Ltd (University College London) and Scottish Environment Protection Agency.

Water temperature data from selected UK Environmental Change Network (ECN) freshwater sites (lakes, rivers, streams). These data are collected at ECN's freshwater sites in accordance with the ECN Surface Water Chemistry & Quality protocol: http://www.ecn.ac.uk/measurements/freshwater/fwc-fwa. Surface water temperatures are recorded by hand-held thermometers at the freshwater chemistry sampling point when water samples are collected. The temporal range varies from site-to-site (earliest record from 1975, latest from 2012). ECN (www.ecn.ac.uk) is the UK's long-term environmental monitoring programme. It is a multi-agency programme sponsored by a consortium of fourteen government departments and agencies. These organisations contribute to the programme through funding either site monitoring and/or network co-ordination activities. They are: Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru - Natural Resources Wales, Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Environment Agency, Forestry Commission, Llywodraeth Cymru - Welsh Government, Natural England, Natural Environment Research Council, Northern Ireland Environment Agency, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Scottish Government and Scottish Natural Heritage. The organisations providing the data included in the file are: Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Agency, James Hutton Institute, ENSIS Ltd (University College London) and Scottish Environment Protection Agency.

Daily precipitation temperature, from permanent meteorological station sited at Cuevas de Almanzora (Almería) from Agroclimatic stations from Junta de Andalucia, Andalucia, Spain.

The plant communities at the permanent plots were described. One hundred phytosociological relevés were made in the quadrates of 25m2 in size on the plot. The percentage cover of species in each layer of phytocenosis was estimated in the following scale: 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%,...,100%. This scale seems to be more precise than the more commonly used Braun-Blanquet’s scale.