Vegetation survey data from the LTER study site at Birkenes (LTER_EU_NO_003) between the years 1991 and 2013. The percentage cover of every vascular plant and moss species was determined in (up to 50) permanently marked 1 m² plots (41 plots 1991, 50 plots 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013), all plots positioned within a 0.2 ha area (50 m x 40 m) of bilberry dominated spruce forest.

Vegetation survey data of study area Kopaonik National Park, Serbia (LTER_EU_RS_008) between the years 2010 and 2013. The percentage ground cover of every vascular plant was determined on permanently marked subplots (100 m²).

Vegetation survey data of the LTER study site Val Masino LOM1 (LTER_EU_IT_028). The percentage cover of every vascular plant and moss species was determined on 12 permanently marked subplots (10 x 10 m) on a 0.25 ha study area, by vertical layers between the years 1999 and 2012.

Vegetation survey data of the 69 ha study site Forellenbach in the National Park Bavarian Forest (LTER_EU_DE_015) between the years 1991 and 2000. The LTER site is part of the UNECE ICP Integrated Monitoring Network. The percentage ground cover of every vascular plant and moss species was determined on permanently marked subplots (1 m²) of a mature beech stand.

Vegetation survey data of the two ICP-IM intensive plots (IP1 and IP2) at the 90 ha study site LTER Zöbelboden, Austria. The intensive plots were divided into 31 (IP1) and 32 (IP2) 5 × 5 m areas. Within each of these areas, vegetation was recorded on two permanently marked 0.5 × 0.5 m subplots in August 2004 and was re-recorded, using the same method, in August 2007. For each subplot, the percentage ground cover of every vascular plant was determined.

Vegetation survey data of the 0,25 ha study area at the Tatrzanski National Park, Poland (LTER_EU_PL_017) between the years 2001 and 2019. The percentage cover of every vascular plant was determined on permanently marked subplots (25 m²) in the 120-year-old spruce stand.

Vegetation survey data of the 250 ha study site Collelongo-Selva Piana ABR1 (LTER_EU_IT_031). The percentage cover of every vascular plant and moss species was determined on 12 permanently marked subplots (10 x 10 m) on a 0.25 ha study area, by vertical layers between the years 1999 and 2016.

Vegetation survey data of the study site Monte Rufeno LAZ1 (LTER_EU_IT_034). The percentage cover of every vascular plant and moss species was determined on 12 permanently marked subplots (10 x 10 m) on a 0.25 ha study area, by vertical layers between the years 1999 and 2016.

Vegetation survey data of the 6,3 ha study area Slowiński National Park, Poland (LTER_EU_PL_014) between the years 2001 and 2011. The percentage cover of every vascular plant was determined on permanently marked subplots (25 m²) in the 90-year-old spruce and pine stand.

Long-term forest vegetation data from LTER Zöbelboden Austria (1993-2021). Over the 90 ha study area, a rectangular grid of 100 by 100 m with 10x10 m permanent plots at every grid corner and the middle points (totaling to 165, excluding rock outcrops, and young plantations of less than 20 years) was established in 1993. Vegetation resurveys were made in 2005, 2010, 2014, 2017 and 2021. All vascular plant species occurring at the plots were recorded and their cover was estimated. See further information in the methods section and in the following papers: Hülber, K., T. Dirnböck, et al. (2008). Long-term impacts of nitrogen and sulphur deposition on forest floor vegetation in the Northern limestone Alps, Austria. Applied Vegetation Science 11: 395-404. Helm, N., F. Essl, et al. (2017). Multiple environmental changes drive forest floor vegetation composition in a temperate mountain forest. Journal of Ecology and Evolution 7: 2155–2168.