High resolution hydrology recording mainly by PLSC_Sensors (measuring water level, temperature-depending on water level it is the ground air temperature or water temperature- and conductivity) but also by Hydrolab-Multiparameter Sensors (measuring temperature, oxygen, pH, conductivity, turbidity) for monitoring the soda pans in the vicinity of soda Lake Neusiedl. The on-line measurement of these wetland sensors in the “Seewinkel”-district are measuring at high time resolution of every three minutes. The locations of these sensors are in the soda pans, which mostly dry out at least once a year, and are as follows (in alphabetical order): Hydrolab-Waterquality_Multiparameter-Sensor - Fuchslochlacke: N47°47.376’ & E016°51.149’ PLSC-Sensor - Fuchslochlacke: N47°47.376’ & E016°51.149’ PLSC-Sensor - Graurinderkoppel: N47°43.400’ & E016°48.148’ PLSC-Sensor - Meierhof-Lacke (Apetloner Hof): N47°43.296’ & E016°49.359’ PLSC-Sensor - Unterer Stinker: N47°48.161’ & E016°47.098’

High resolution recording of water quality and water hydrology by two types of sensors monitoring the open lake and reed belt sites at Lake Neusiedl: Hydrolab-Multiparameter sensors measuring temperature, oxygen, pH, conductivity, turbidity and chlorophyll-a; PLSC_sensors for water level, water temperature and water conductivity. The on-line recording of these sensors measures at high time resolution of every three minutes. The two types of sensors are located as follows (in alphabetical order): Hydrolab-Multiparameter_Sensor - Neusiedlersee-Steg: N47°46.208’ & E016°45.129’ Hydrolab-Multiparameter_Sensor - Neusiedlersee-Ruster Poschn: N47°46.631’ & E016°45.187’ PLSC_Sensor - Neusiedlersee-Steg: N47°46.208’ & E016°45.129’ PLSC_Sensor - Bootshafen Biologische Station: N47°46.128’ & E016°45.976’

Measurements of chlorophyll-a are part of lake monitoring, which is usually carried out by monthly sampling at many regular lake sites (5 to 17 sites depending on the intensity of the measurements over the years). The integrated sample represents the whole water column of this polymictic shallow lake with a mean lake depth of 1.2m. The photometric measurement satisfies the analytical standards of Ö-Norm in Austria.

Measurements of lake chemistry are part of lake monitoring, which is usually carried out by monthly sampling at many regular lake sites (5 to 17 sites depending on the intensity of the measurements over the years). The integrated sample represents the whole water column of this polymictic shallow lake with a mean lake depth of 1.2m. The measurement satisfy the analytical standards of Ö-Norm in Austria.

The meteorological sensors are located on the roof of the main building of the Biological Station (N 47,7691; E 16,7662; Position (elevation): 122 msl) in the close vicinity of Lake Neusiedl. The parameters that are on-line recoded every 15 minutes are as follows: Air humidity (%RH), Global radiation (W/m²), Air temperature (°C), Wind speed ([Average] (km/h), Wind direction (°), Rain yearly (mm), Precipitation (mm); time resolution: 15 minutes. There are also two traditional weather stations at the station and on the jetty, which are maintained by the Hydrolographic Service Burgenland and enable parameters such as temperature, humidity, precipitation and water level to be recorded. In addition to the Adcon weather station on the roof of the station, there are currently 3 other stations in operation in Seewinkel. These positions are: • Unterer Stinkersee (N 47,8018; E 16,7842) • Neudegg (N 47,7029; E 16,8098) • Östliche Fuchslochlacke (N 47,7907; E 16,8624)

The monitoring of bird populations focused on wetland species. It included breeding bird surveys and bird migration (bird ringing) of species most common in the reed belt of Lake Neusiedl, and meadows surrounding the soda pans. Bird surveys of Biological Station Lake Neusiedl refer mainly to the INTERREG Project of “Vogelwarte 2” and were in close collaboration with the National Park “Neusiedlersee – Seewinkel” and “BirdLife Österreich”.

Measurements of lake physics (including e.g. water temperature, alkalinity, conductivity, oxygen and Secchi depth) are part of lake monitoring, which is usually carried out by monthly sampling at many regular lake sites (5 to 17 sites depending on the intensity of the measurements over the years). The integrated sample represents the whole water column of this polymictic shallow lake with a mean lake depth of 1.2m. The measurement satisfy the analytical standards of Ö-Norm in Austria. In case of water temperature, also depth profiles were measured during some sampling periods.

Biologische Station Neusiedler See is situated at Lake Neusiedl in Illmitz (Austria) and is a service department of the office of the provincial government of Burgenland. The institution offers high scale experience in basic and applied ecological research in Burgenland over the last 50 years. Located in the middle of the Neusiedler See – Seewinkel national park the Biological station hosts a high standard chemical and microbiological laboratory for water analysis, which has an accreditation for a variety of physico-chemical, chemical and microbiological parameters as well as diverse sampling procedures. The Institution provides expert opinions for water quality as well as applied cross-sectoral research and ecosystem monitoring. The Biological Station is a well-known cooperation partner of local, regional, national and international institutions, stakeholders, Universities and state offices of Burgenland. With several different subsites and partners (ABOL (NHM Wien), Hydrographischer Dienst Burgenland, Medizinische Universität Wien, Universität Wien, Umweltbundesamt), the Biological Station is able to provide long-term data regarding meteorology, limnology, lake chemistry, entomology, botany, air quality and carbon-fluxes. Thus, the Biological Station provides bases for decision making with regard to the development of a balanced cultural landscape.