The forest site "Lausanne" has been installed in 1994 as part of the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme LWF. The programme investigates anthropogenic and natural forces on the long-term health of the forests and the potential risks to humans. For this, a profound understanding of the relationship between processes, causes and effects in the ecosystem are necessary. The objectives of the LWF research programme include (i) early detection and a representative assessment of changes in forest condition, (ii) determination of external influences, both from anthropogenic and natural sources such as element inputs and climate and their effect on the forest ecosystem, (iii) development of indicators to assess the condition of the forest, (iv) integrated risk assessment based on different stress scenarios, and (v) extended platform for internal and external research projects. The LWF research programme provides, on the one hand, long-term data series from the last 20 years, together with a scientific interpretation to national and international policy makers. On the other hand, the available data and latest LWF infrastructure provide an attractive scientific platform for collaboration with both national and international partners. The site is located close to the city of Lausanne in the Swiss Plateau, within a natural, mixed forest stand which mainly consists of 160-170 year-old European silver fir (Abies alba), spruce (Picea abies), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees. Among others, the site is equipped with two meteorological measurement stations; one is located within the forest stand, the second is co-located in the nearby open-field, allowing to measure the forest stand effect on micro-climate. The following parameters are being measured (starting-end year): atmospheric deposition (1996-today), composition of ground vegetation (1994-today), crown condition (1995-today), tree-diameter and -height (2000-today), EC-5 soil water content (2010-today), leaf chemistry (1997-today), leaf area index (1996-today), lichens (2003-today), litterfall (1996-today), manual circumference band (2001-today), soil matric water potential (1996-today), meteorological parameters (1996-today), ozone symptoms (2002-today), ozone concentration (2000-today), passive sampling of NH3 & NO2 (1999-2000), soil matrix chemistry (1994-today), soil morphology (1994-today), soil solution chemistry (1999-today), tree cores (1998), crown transparency (1995-today), deadwood sampling (2009), point dendrometer (2011-today).

The forest site "Lens" has been installed in 1996 as part of the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme LWF. The programme investigates anthropogenic and natural forces on the long-term health of the forests and the potential risks to humans. For this, a profound understanding of the relationship between processes, causes and effects in the ecosystem are necessary. The objectives of the LWF research programme include (i) early detection and a representative assessment of changes in forest condition, (ii) determination of external influences, both from anthropogenic and natural sources such as element inputs and climate and their effect on the forest ecosystem, (iii) development of indicators to assess the condition of the forest, (iv) integrated risk assessment based on different stress scenarios, and (v) extended platform for internal and external research projects. The LWF research programme provides, on the one hand, long-term data series from the last 20 years, together with a scientific interpretation to national and international policy makers. On the other hand, the available data and latest LWF infrastructure provide an attractive scientific platform for collaboration with both national and international partners. The site is located next to Lens in the canton of Valais, within a natural, coniferous forest stand which consists of 150-170 year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees. Among others, the site is equipped with two meteorological measurement stations; one is located within the forest stand, the second is co-located in the nearby open-field, allowing to measure the forest stand effect on micro-climate. The following parameters are being measured (starting-end year): Circular vegetation plots (1996-today), Crown Condition Assessment (1996-today), Deadwood survey (2005-today), Diameter and Height measurements (2000-today), EC-5 soil water content measurement (2010-today), EC-5 soil water content measurement (2010-today), Foliar analyses (1997-today), Leaf area index (LAI) (1996-today), Lichens (2003-today), Manual circumference band measurement (2001-today), Meteorological measurements (1997-today), O3 Injuries (2002-today), Ozone visible injury assessment (2002-today), Passive sampling of O3 (2002-2006), Permanent vegetation quadrats (1996-today), Soil matrix chemistry (1996-today), Soil morphology (1996-today), Tree core sampling (1820-1997), Tree crown measurements (1996-today), Deadwood sampling (2009-today), stem discs (2012-today).

The forest site "Visp" has been installed in 1996 as part of the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme LWF. The programme investigates anthropogenic and natural forces on the long-term health of the forests and the potential risks to humans. For this, a profound understanding of the relationship between processes, causes and effects in the ecosystem are necessary. The objectives of the LWF research programme include (i) early detection and a representative assessment of changes in forest condition, (ii) determination of external influences, both from anthropogenic and natural sources such as element inputs and climate and their effect on the forest ecosystem, (iii) development of indicators to assess the condition of the forest, (iv) integrated risk assessment based on different stress scenarios, and (v) extended platform for internal and external research projects. The LWF research programme provides, on the one hand, long-term data series from the last 20 years, together with a scientific interpretation to national and international policy makers. On the other hand, the available data and latest LWF infrastructure provide an attractive scientific platform for collaboration with both national and international partners. The site is located next to Visp in the canton of Valais, within a natural, mixed forest stand which mainly consists of 40-80 year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees. Among others, the site is equipped with two meteorological measurement stations; one is located within the forest stand, the second is co-located in the nearby open-field, allowing to measure the forest stand effect on micro-climate. The following parameters are being measured (starting-end year): Atmospheric deposition (throughfall and bulk deposition) (2001-today), Circular vegetation plots (1996-today), Crown Condition Assessment (1996-today), Deadwood survey (2005-today), Diameter and Height measurements (2000-today), EC-5 soil water content measurement (2008-today), EC-5 soil water content measurement (2008-today), Foliar analyses (1997-today), Leaf area index (LAI) (1996-today), Lichens (2003-today), Litterfall (2001-today), Manual circumference band measurement (2001-today), Meteorological measurements (1997-today), O3 Injuries (2002-today), Ozone visible injury assessment (2002-today), Passive sampling of O3 (2002-2004), Permanent vegetation quadrats (1996-today), Phenological observations (2001-today), Soil matrix chemistry (1997-today), Soil morphology (1997-today), Tree core sampling (1932-1996), Tree crown measurements (1996-today), Deadwood sampling (2009-today).

The forest site "Novaggio" has been installed in 1995 as part of the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme LWF. The programme investigates anthropogenic and natural forces on the long-term health of the forests and the potential risks to humans. For this, a profound understanding of the relationship between processes, causes and effects in the ecosystem are necessary. The objectives of the LWF research programme include (i) early detection and a representative assessment of changes in forest condition, (ii) determination of external influences, both from anthropogenic and natural sources such as element inputs and climate and their effect on the forest ecosystem, (iii) development of indicators to assess the condition of the forest, (iv) integrated risk assessment based on different stress scenarios, and (v) extended platform for internal and external research projects. The LWF research programme provides, on the one hand, long-term data series from the last 20 years, together with a scientific interpretation to national and international policy makers. On the other hand, the available data and latest LWF infrastructure provide an attractive scientific platform for collaboration with both national and international partners. The site is located close to Novaggio in the canton of Ticino, within a natural, mixed forest stand which mainly consists of 70 year-old Turkey oak (Quercus cerris), 90 year-old sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), and 70 year-old silver birch (Betula pendula) trees. Among others, the site is equipped with two meteorological measurement stations; one is located within the forest stand, the second is co-located in the nearby open-field, allowing to measure the forest stand effect on micro-climate. The following parameters are being measured (starting-end year): Atmospheric deposition (stemflow) (1997-1998), Atmospheric deposition (throughfall and bulk deposition) (1996-today), Circular vegetation plots (1995-today), Crown Condition Assessment (1995-today), Deadwood survey (1995, 2005), Diameter and Height measurements (2000-today), EC-5 soil water content measurement (2008-today), EC-5 soil water content measurement (2008-today), Foliar analyses (1997 (oak)-today), Leaf area index (LAI) (1996-today), Lichens (2003-today), Litter layer humidity and temperature (2000-today), Litterfall (1996-today), Manual circumference band measurement (2001-today), Matric potential (manual suction cups) (1997-today), Meteorological measurements (1996-today), O3 Injuries (2002-today), Ozone visible injury assessment (2002-today), Passive sampling of NH3 (1999-2000), Passive sampling of NO2 (1999-2000), Passive sampling of O3 (2000-today), Permanent vegetation quadrats (1995-today), Phenological observations (1996-today), Sapflow measurements (2008-today), Soil matrix chemistry (1995-today), Soil morphology (1995-today), Soil solution chemistry (lysimeters) (1999-today), Soil temperature (2000-today), SwissSMEX-Veg (2010-today), Tree core sampling (1889-1996), automated point dendrometer measurements (2008-today), Deadwood sampling (2009-today).

The forest site "Isone" has been installed in 1995 as part of the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme LWF. The programme investigates anthropogenic and natural forces on the long-term health of the forests and the potential risks to humans. For this, a profound understanding of the relationship between processes, causes and effects in the ecosystem are necessary. The objectives of the LWF research programme include (i) early detection and a representative assessment of changes in forest condition, (ii) determination of external influences, both from anthropogenic and natural sources such as element inputs and climate and their effect on the forest ecosystem, (iii) development of indicators to assess the condition of the forest, (iv) integrated risk assessment based on different stress scenarios, and (v) extended platform for internal and external research projects. The LWF research programme provides, on the one hand, long-term data series from the last 20 years, together with a scientific interpretation to national and international policy makers. On the other hand, the available data and latest LWF infrastructure provide an attractive scientific platform for collaboration with both national and international partners. The site is located next to Isone in the canton of Ticino, within a natural, mixed forest stand which mainly consists of 70-100 year-old beech (Fagus sylvatica) trees. Among others, the site is equipped with two meteorological measurement stations; one is located within the forest stand, the second is co-located in the nearby open-field, allowing to measure the forest stand effect on micro-climate. The following parameters are being measured (starting-end year): Circular vegetation plots (1996-today), Crown Condition Assessment (1996-today), Deadwood survey (1995, 2005-today), Diameter and Height measurements (2000-today), Foliar analyses (1997-today), Leaf area index (LAI) (1996-today), Lichens (2003-today), Litter layer humidity and temperature (1998-today), Manual circumference band measurement (2001-today), Meteorological measurements (1997-today), O3 Injuries (2002-today), Ozone visible injury assessment (2002-today), Passive sampling of O3 (2002), Permanent vegetation quadrats (1996-today), Soil matrix chemistry (1998-today), Soil morphology (1998-today), Tree core sampling (1917-1996), Deadwood sampling (2009-today).

The forest site "Schaenis" has been installed in 1997 as part of the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme LWF. The programme investigates anthropogenic and natural forces on the long-term health of the forests and the potential risks to humans. For this, a profound understanding of the relationship between processes, causes and effects in the ecosystem are necessary. The objectives of the LWF research programme include (i) early detection and a representative assessment of changes in forest condition, (ii) determination of external influences, both from anthropogenic and natural sources such as element inputs and climate and their effect on the forest ecosystem, (iii) development of indicators to assess the condition of the forest, (iv) integrated risk assessment based on different stress scenarios, and (v) extended platform for internal and external research projects. The LWF research programme provides, on the one hand, long-term data series from the last 20 years, together with a scientific interpretation to national and international policy makers. On the other hand, the available data and latest LWF infrastructure provide an attractive scientific platform for collaboration with both national and international partners. The site is located close to Schaenis in the canton of St. Gallen, within a natural, mixed forest stand which mainly consists of 130-150 year-old European beech (Fagus sylvatica), 130-150 year-old European silver fir (Abies alba) and 130-150 year-old European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) trees. Among others, the site is equipped with two meteorological measurement stations; one is located within the forest stand, the second is co-located in the nearby open-field, allowing to measure the forest stand effect on micro-climate. The following parameters are being measured (starting-end year): Atmospheric deposition (throughfall and bulk deposition) (1998-today), Circular vegetation plots (1998-today), Crown Condition Assessment (1998-today), Deadwood survey (2005-today), Diameter and Height measurements (2000-today), EC-5 soil water content measurement (2010-today), EC-5 soil water content measurement (2010-today), Foliar analyses (1999 (beech)-today), Leaf area index (LAI) (2001-today), Lichens (2003-today), Litter layer humidity and temperature (2000-today), Litterfall (1998-today), Manual circumference band measurement (2001-today), Matric potential (manual suction cups) (1998-today), Meteorological measurements (1998-today), O3 Injuries (2002-today), Ozone visible injury assessment (2002-today), Passive sampling of NH3 (1999-today), Passive sampling of NO2 (1999-2007), Passive sampling of O3 (2000-today), Permanent vegetation quadrats (1998-today), Phenological observations (1998-today), Soil matrix chemistry (1998-today), Soil morphology (1998-today), Soil solution chemistry (lysimeters) (1999-today), Soil temperature (2000-today), Tree core sampling (1868-1999), Deadwood sampling (2009-today).

The forest site "Nationalpark" has been installed in 1995 as part of the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme LWF. The programme investigates anthropogenic and natural forces on the long-term health of the forests and the potential risks to humans. For this, a profound understanding of the relationship between processes, causes and effects in the ecosystem are necessary. The objectives of the LWF research programme include (i) early detection and a representative assessment of changes in forest condition, (ii) determination of external influences, both from anthropogenic and natural sources such as element inputs and climate and their effect on the forest ecosystem, (iii) development of indicators to assess the condition of the forest, (iv) integrated risk assessment based on different stress scenarios, and (v) extended platform for internal and external research projects. The LWF research programme provides, on the one hand, long-term data series from the last 20 years, together with a scientific interpretation to national and international policy makers. On the other hand, the available data and latest LWF infrastructure provide an attractive scientific platform for collaboration with both national and international partners. The site is located in the national park close to Zernez in the canton of Graubuenden, within a natural, mixed forest stand which mainly consists of 210 year-old mountain pine (Pinus mugo) trees. Among others, the site is equipped with two meteorological measurement stations; one is located within the forest stand, the second is co-located in the nearby open-field, allowing to measure the forest stand effect on micro-climate. The following parameters are being measured (starting-end year): Atmospheric deposition (throughfall and bulk deposition) (1998-today), Circular vegetation plots (1996-today), Crown Condition Assessment (1996-today), Deadwood survey (1998, 2005), Diameter and Height measurements (1999-today), Foliar analyses (1997-today), Leaf area index (LAI) (1996-today), Lichens (2003-today), Litterfall (1998-1999), Manual circumference band measurement (2001-today), Matric potential (manual suction cups) (1997-today), Meteorological measurements (1997-today), O3 Injuries (2002-today), Ozone visible injury assessment (2002-today), Passive sampling of NH3 (1999-2000), Passive sampling of NO2 (1999-2000), Passive sampling of O3 (2002-2004), Permanent vegetation quadrats (1996-today), Phenological observations (1998-today), Soil matrix chemistry (1997-today), Soil morphology (1997-today), Tree core sampling (1792-1997), Tree crown measurements (1996-today), Deadwood sampling (2009-today).

The forest site "Beatenberg" has been installed in 1996 as part of the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme LWF. The programme investigates anthropogenic and natural forces on the long-term health of the forests and the potential risks to humans. For this, a profound understanding of the relationship between processes, causes and effects in the ecosystem are necessary. The objectives of the LWF research programme include (i) early detection and a representative assessment of changes in forest condition, (ii) determination of external influences, both from anthropogenic and natural sources such as element inputs and climate and their effect on the forest ecosystem, (iii) development of indicators to assess the condition of the forest, (iv) integrated risk assessment based on different stress scenarios, and (v) extended platform for internal and external research projects. The LWF research programme provides, on the one hand, long-term data series from the last 20 years, together with a scientific interpretation to national and international policy makers. On the other hand, the available data and latest LWF infrastructure provide an attractive scientific platform for collaboration with both national and international partners. The site is located near the village of Beatenberg in the Canton of Berne, within a natural, coniferous forest stand which consists of 190-210 year-old spruce (Picea abies) trees. Among others, the site is equipped with two meteorological measurement stations; one is located within the forest stand, the second is co-located in the nearby open-field, allowing to measure the forest stand effect on micro-climate. The following parameters are being measured (starting-end year): Atmospheric deposition (throughfall and bulk deposition) (1999-today), Circular vegetation plots (1997-today), Crown Condition Assessment (1996-today), Deadwood survey (2005-today), Diameter and Height measurements (1999-today), EC-5 soil water content measurement (2010-today), EC-5 soil water content measurement (2010-today), Foliar analyses (1997-today), Leaf area index (LAI) (1997-today), Lichens (2003-today), Litter layer humidity and temperature (2000-today), Litterfall (1999-today), Manual circumference band measurement (2001-today), Matric potential (manual suction cups) (1999-today), Meteorological measurements (1997-today), Passive sampling of NH3 (1999-2000), Passive sampling of NO2 (1999-2000), Passive sampling of O3 (2002-2004), Permanent vegetation quadrates (1997-today), Phenological observations (1999-today), Soil matrix chemistry (1997-today), Soil morphology (1997-today), Soil solution chemistry (lysimeters) (1999-today), Soil temperature (2000-today), Tree core sampling (1727-1998), Deadwood sampling (2009-today).

The forest site "Lantsch" has been installed in 1997 as part of the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme LWF. The programme investigates anthropogenic and natural forces on the long-term health of the forests and the potential risks to humans. For this, a profound understanding of the relationship between processes, causes and effects in the ecosystem are necessary. The objectives of the LWF research programme include (i) early detection and a representative assessment of changes in forest condition, (ii) determination of external influences, both from anthropogenic and natural sources such as element inputs and climate and their effect on the forest ecosystem, (iii) development of indicators to assess the condition of the forest, (iv) integrated risk assessment based on different stress scenarios, and (v) extended platform for internal and external research projects. The LWF research programme provides, on the one hand, long-term data series from the last 20 years, together with a scientific interpretation to national and international policy makers. On the other hand, the available data and latest LWF infrastructure provide an attractive scientific platform for collaboration with both national and international partners. The site is located next to Lantsch in the canton of Graubuenden, within a natural, coniferous forest stand which mainly consists of spruce (Picea abies) trees. Among others, the site is equipped with two meteorological measurement stations; one is located within the forest stand, the second is co-located in the nearby open-field, allowing to measure the forest stand effect on micro-climate. The following parameters are being measured (starting-end year): Crown Condition Assessment (1997-today), Deadwood survey (2005-today), Diameter and Height measurements (2002-today), Foliar analyses (2009-today), Lichens (2003-today), Manual circumference band measurement (2002-today), Tree core sampling (1646-2003), Deadwood sampling (2009-today).

The forest site "Chironico" has been installed in 1995 as part of the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research Programme LWF. The programme investigates anthropogenic and natural forces on the long-term health of the forests and the potential risks to humans. For this, a profound understanding of the relationship between processes, causes and effects in the ecosystem are necessary. The objectives of the LWF research programme include (i) early detection and a representative assessment of changes in forest condition, (ii) determination of external influences, both from anthropogenic and natural sources such as element inputs and climate and their effect on the forest ecosystem, (iii) development of indicators to assess the condition of the forest, (iv) integrated risk assessment based on different stress scenarios, and (v) extended platform for internal and external research projects. The LWF research programme provides, on the one hand, long-term data series from the last 20 years, together with a scientific interpretation to national and international policy makers. On the other hand, the available data and latest LWF infrastructure provide an attractive scientific platform for collaboration with both national and international partners. The site is located next to Chironico in the canton of Ticino, within a natural, coniferous forest stand which mainly consists of 160-180 year-old spruce (Picea abies), and 140-160 year-old European silver fir (Abies alba) trees. Among others, the site is equipped with two meteorological measurement stations; one is located within the forest stand, the second is co-located in the nearby open-field, allowing to measure the forest stand effect on micro-climate. The following parameters are being measured (starting-end year): Atmospheric deposition (throughfall and bulk deposition) (2000-today), Circular vegetation plots (1996-today), Crown Condition Assessment (1996-today), Deadwood survey (1995, 2005), Diameter and Height measurements (1999-today), Foliar analyses (1997 (spruce)-today), Leaf area index (LAI) (1997-today), Lichens (2004-today), Manual circumference band measurement (2001-today), Meteorological measurements (2000-today), O3 Injuries (2002-today), Ozone visible injury assessment (2002-today), Passive sampling of NH3 (2000), Passive sampling of NO2 (2000), Passive sampling of O3 (2002-2004), Permanent vegetation quadrats (1996-today), Phenological observations (2000-today), Soil matrix chemistry (1998-today), Soil morphology (1998-today), Tree core sampling (1824-1996), Tree crown measurements (1996-today), Soil solution chemistry (lysimeters) (1999-today), Deadwood sampling (2009-today).