ClimaNevada is a database that compiles climate data around Sierra Nevada mountain range (southern Spain). The aim of this database is the harmonization, standardization, documentation and integration of existing climatic data in this mountain region.

This data set comprises information collected in field about the monitoring of the butterfly communities of Sierra Nevada since 2008. The data set has been compiled in up to 20 different locations, where butterfly communities estimations have been carried out following the internationally standardised line transect method. The data have been collected from the months of March to October with a variable periodicity between sites and between years. Usually, the periodicity has approached a sampling every two weeks. The data collection has always been carried out in suitable climatic conditions. The community of butterflies of Sierra Nevada is of high interest at European level given the values of diversity detected. In total, 101,424 individuals belonging to 102 species and 1 subspecies have been detected, distributed among 64 genera and 5 different families. The sampled habitats include aquatic systems, autochthonous scot pine forests, high mountain grasslands, high mountain meadows, high mountain scrubland, holm oak forests, lowland crops, lowland scrublands, mid mountain grasslands, mid mountain scrubland, mountain crops, pine plantations and pyrenean oak forests.

This dataset provides long-term information about Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica Schimper, 1848) presence in Sierra Nevada (SE Iberian Peninsula), as a result of annual sampling from 1993 to 2018 done by the managers of the Sierra Nevada Natural and National Park. They carried out the transects collecting different variables such as the number of individuals observed, the perpendicular distance of each group of goats to the transect line and, at an individual level and sex as well as age of individuals in the case of males. These data enabled the calculation of population parameters such as density, sex ratio, birth rate and age structure. These parameters are key for Iberian ibex conservation and management, given that Sierra Nevada harbours the largest population of this species in the Iberian Peninsula. The data set we present is structured using the Darwin Core biological standard, which contains 3,091 events (582 transect walk events and 2,509 group sighting events), 5,396 occurrences, and 2,502 measurements. The occurrences include the sightings of 11,436 individuals (grouped by sex and age) from 1993 to 2018 in a total of 88 transects distributed along Sierra Nevada, of which 33 have been continuously sampled since 2008.

Germination and survival data of Juniperus communis and Berberis hispanica, two species of Mediterranean high mountain scrub, present in Sierra Nevada (Spain). Within the LIFE-ADAPTAMED project (Protection of key ecosystem services by adaptive management of climate change endangered mediterranean socioecosystems; LIFE14 CCA/ES/000612) several restoration actions are being carried out to restore singular ecosystems of the Sierra Nevada high-mountain, such us the high-mountain scrublands (5120 Mountain Cytisus purgans formations of the Habitat Directive). Seeds of Juniperus communis and Berberis hispanica were sowed in two areas of the Sierra Nevada. 210 sowing stations (15 seeds per species) were set up in two contrasting slopes (northeren and southern) of Sierra Nevada. Within each site, several optimal microhabitats were selected: under stone, open ground, wet meadows, under Juniperus, under Genista. The sowings were set up in 2017 and were periodically reviewed (2-3 times a year), to quantify the success of germination and establishment between microhabitats, and thus be able to identify the most propitious places for the regeneration of the juniper in the Sierra Nevada in a scenario of global change.